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Cleveland Memory Project Best Practices Guide

Best practices for digitizing, post-processing, archiving, and creating metadata for the Cleveland Memory Project.

Digitization Procedures

Scanning photographs on flatbed scanners

  1. Scanner beds are cleaned with a microfiber cleaning cloth to remove debris or dust particles.
  2. Scanner and software settings are selected for the material type per scanning specifications.
  3. Scans are always previewed and cropped to the area to be captured before the final scan is performed.
  4. Scans are rotated properly, adjusted for brightness/contrast, and if needed, digital clean-up is done in Photoshop for JPEG files.
  5. Both high-resolution TIF and low-resolution JPEG files are created and archived.
Scanning Specifications for Photographs
Type File Type Resolution Pixel Dimension Bit Depth
Master TIFF 600 dpi 100% full size of original 8 bit grayscale or 24 bit color if significant or sepia tone present
Verso JPEG – high quality compression 300 dpi 600 at largest dimension 8 bit grayscale
Access JPEG – high quality compression 72 dpi 600 at largest dimension 8 bit grayscale or 24 bit color if significant or sepia tone present

Scanning slides and negatives with slide / negative scanners

  1. Negative scanner beds are cleaned with a microfiber cleaning cloth to remove debris or dust particles.
  2. Slides and negatives are scanned on media specific scanners at appropriate resolution.
  3. Scans are always previewed and cropped to the area to be captured before the final scan is performed. 
  4. Scanner settings such as exposure and color mode are selected before scanning. Attachments for negative/slide size allow for batch scans of this media.
  5. Scans are rotated properly, adjusted for brightness/contrast, and if needed, digital clean-up is done in Photoshop for JPEG files.
  6. Both high-resolution TIF and low-resolution JPEG files are created and archived.

Scanning Specifications for 35mm Slides

Type File Type Resolution Pixel Dimension Bit Depth
Master TIFF 2400 dpi 100% full size of orginal 8 bit grayscale or 24 bit color if significant or sepia tone present
Access JPEG – high quality compression 72 dpi 600 at largest dimension 8 bit grayscale or 24 bit color if significant or sepia tone present
Scanning Specifications for Negatives
Type File Type Resolution Pixel Dimensions Bit Depth
Master TIFF 1200 dpi 100% full size original 8 bit grayscale or 24 bit color if significant or sepia tone present
Access JPEG – high quality compression 72 dpi 600 at largest dimension 8 bit grayscale or 24 bit color if significant or sepia tone present

Scanning oversize documents and maps on flatbed scanners

  1. Oversize documents such as maps that do not fit entirely on flatbed scanners are scanned in sections as layers and are then pieced or “stitched” together in Adobe Photoshop.
  2. To obtain the best final image of a multi-section scan job, consideration is given to matching scan conditions for each section before creating a new canvas and adding each piece as a new layer.
  3. Scanner and software settings are selected for the material type per scanning specifications. 
  4. Scans are rotated properly, adjusted for brightness/contrast, and if needed, digital clean-up is done in Photoshop for JPEG files.
  5. All layers are flattened before saving the final image.
  6. Both high-resolution TIF and low-resolution JPEG files are created and archived.
  7. Oversize documents may be photographed on a camera stand shot from overhead using a digital camera. Digital images are captured in RAW format at the highest camera resolution and final processing is completed in Photoshop with RAW plug-in. Images are created and archived as TIF and JPEG files.
Scanning Specifications for Oversize Documents & Maps
Type File Type Resolution Pixel Dimension Bit Depth
Master TIFF 1200 dpi 100% full size of original 8 bit grayscale or 24 bit color if significant or sepia tone present
Access JPEG – high quality compression 72 dpi Minimum of 800 at largest dimension 8 bit grayscale or 24 bit color if significant or sepia tone present

Scanning Text

  1. At the start of each scanning session, flatbed or document scanners are cleaned with a photographer’s cloth to remove debris and dust particles.
  2. Bound volumes may require temporary removal of binding to facilitate flatbed scanning.
  3. In some instances documents and books may be photographed on a camera stand shot from overhead using a digital camera. Digital images are captured in RAW format at the highest camera resolution and final processing is completed in Photoshop with RAW plug-in. Images created and archived as TIF and JPEG files.
  4. Text pages scanned on flatbed or document scanners depending upon binding of item.
  5. Scans are rotated properly, adjusted for brightness/contrast, if needed, digital clean-up is done in Photoshop for JPEG files.
  6. Layers are flattened before saving the final image.
  7. Resulting TIFFs are processed as searchable PDFs using Adobe Acrobat Professional software to facilitate OCR and accessibility tagging.
Scanning Specifications for Text
Type File Type Resolution Pixel Dimension Bit Depth
Master TIFF 200 dpi 100% full size of original 8 bit grayscale or 24 bit color if significant or sepia tone present

As of January 2018, all items uploaded to Cleveland State University websites (including the Cleveland Memory Project) need to meet ADA Accessibility requirements. This means that audio must have accompanying transcripts.

As of January 2018, all items uploaded to Cleveland State University websites (including the Cleveland Memory Project) need to meet ADA Accessibility requirements. This means that videos must be captioned.