Michael Schwartz Library
Michael Schwartz Library
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Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association by No personal communication is included in your reference list; instead, parenthetically cite the communicator's name, the phrase "personal communication," and the date of the communication in your main text only.
(E. Robbins, personal communication, January 4, 2001).
A. P. Smith also claimed that many of her students had difficulties with APA style (personal communication, November 3, 2002).
Basic Format
Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle. Location: Publisher.
Example - One Author
Shotton, M. A. (1989). Computer addition? A study of computer dependency. London, England: Taylor & Francis.
Example - Book Chapter
Haybron, D. M. (2008). Philosophy and the science of subjective well-being. In M. Eid & R. J. Larsen (Eds.), The science of subjective well-being (pp. 17-43). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
Basic Format
Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (year). Title of article. Title of Periodical, xx, pp-pp. doi:xx.xxxxxxxxxxx
Example - Article from Online Periodical with DOI
Herbst-Damm, K. L., & Kulik, J. A. (2005). Volunteer support, marital status, and the survival times of terminally ill patients. Health Psychology, 24, 224-229. doi: 10.1037/0278-6133.24.2.225
Example - Article from Online Periodical without DOI
Sillick, T. J., & Schutte, N. S. (2006). Emotional intelligence and self-esteem mediate between percieved early parental love and adult happiness. E-Journal of Applied Psychology, 2(2), 38-48. Retrieved from http://ojs.lib.swin.edu.au/index.php/ejap
Basic Format
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Date of publication). Title of document. Retrieved from http://Web address
Example - Entire Website
Angeli, E., Wagner, J., Lawrick, E., Moore, K., Anderson, M., Soderland, L., & Brizee, A. (2010, May 5). General format. Retrieved from http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/
Material from your paper that's from another source needs to be cited both in the text immediately after the cited material (in-text or parenthetical citation) and at the end of the paper in the works cited. However, if you mention information about the source in the text of your paper, you do not need to include that information in the citation immediately afterward.
For example ...
(Box adapted from LMU/LA Library APA Guide)